Air Pollution A Hidden Menace Question Answer Class 10
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Air Pollution A Hidden Menace Question Answer class 10
| Board | BSE Odisha |
| Class | 10th |
| Subject | English (Detailed Text) |
| Chapter | Air Pollution A Hidden Menace |
| Topic | Air Pollution A Hidden Menace Question Answer |
Air Pollution A Hidden Menace Question Answer
LET’S UNDERSTAND THE TEXT
1. What accident took place at Bhopal in 1984?
Ans: In 1984 deadly gas from a chemical plant operated by Union Carbide escaped into the atmosphere killing over 4,000 local residents and rendering blind and crippling a large number
of the city’s surviving population.
2. Why is it called an industrial accident?
Ans: It is called an industrial accident because the accident of emission of deadly gas is related to an industry, that is the chemical plant operated by Union Carbide.
3. What were the tragic consequences of it?
Ans: The tragic consequences were that over 4,000 local residents were killed and a large section of the city’s surviving population was rendered blind and crippling.
4. How is air important to man?
Ans: Air is extremely important to man because man cannot live without breathing even for
a minute. (not : important for)
5. What is the major source of contamination of the human body?
Ans: The major source of contamination of the human body is air that enters our body through respiration.
6. What is the composition of air?
Ans: The composition of air is 78 percent nitrogen, 21 percent oxygen and a little less than one percent argon and 0.03 percent carbondioxide.
: 7. When is air said to be polluted?
Ans: Air is said to be polluted when the oxygen level gets reduced or irritating gases enter on the atmosphere.
8. What fuels do the industries use?
Ans: Industries use coal, coke and furnace oil.
9. How does the released smoke affect man?
Ans: The released smoke mingles with the atmospheric air and pollutes it. When man respires
this polluted air containing obnoxious gases, ash and dust particles, he is badly affected.
10. Why do the thermal power stations cause more pollution?
Ans: The thermal power stations cause more pollution because they discharge high amounts of smoke and ash, thereby contribute to air pollution.
11. What are the other industries equally harmful to us? (not : forus)
Ans: The other industries that are equally harmful to us are cement, steel and ore processing industries.
12. Why are automobiles increasing on the road?
Ans: Automobiles are increasing on the road to meet the demands of an exploding population
13. How do automobiles contribute to air pollution?
Ans: Automobiles contribute to air pollution by releasing maximum carbondioxide into the
atmosphere.
14. What are the effects of air pollution on vegetable crops and trees?
Ans: Vegetable crops suffer ill effects from car exhaust gases. Trees are killed by pollution from power plants.
15. How are buildings affected by polluted air?
Ans: Because of polluted air, fine buildings become shabby and their walls are blackened with soot settling on them. Building surfaces also deteriorate because of air pollution.
16. What health problems are caused by polluted air?
Ans: Polluted air causes eye irritations, scratchy throats and respiratory illnesses. It also
contributes to a number of serious diseases.
17. How is air pollution responsible for increasing the temperature?
Ans: Air pollution increases the amounts of gases such as carbondioxide, methane and nitrous
oxide in the atmosphere. These gases tend to trap the radiation that reaches the earth from the
sun. Consequently, the atmosphere becomes warmer.
18. What harm can a refrigerant do?
Ans: A refrigerant can destroy the atmospheric layer that protects us from harmful kinds of solar energy.
19. What is acid rain?
Ans: Acid rain is the rain that has chemicals in it from factories, etc and that causes damage to trees, buildings and rivers.
20. How is water affected by acid rain?
Ans: Owing to acid rain the water in rivers and lakes turns acidic, for which fish cannot survive.
21. What is the impact of acid rain on soil?
Ans: Acid rain changes the soil’s nutrient content. It leaches away nutrients like potassium, calcium, and magnesium from the upper layer that help trees grow. Such is the impact of acid rain on soil.
22. What are the ways to control air pollution?
Ans: The ways to control air pollution are (i) preventive measures such as changing the raw
materials used in industry, or the ingredients of fuel. (ii) dispersal measures such as raising the heights of smokestacks and (iii) collection measures, such as designing equipment to trap
pollutants before they escape into the atmosphere.
23. How have different countries tried to check it?
Ans: Different countries have tried to check air pollution by having some types of legislation.
24. How have the air quality programmes brought us benefits?
Ans: The air quality programmes have brought improvements in many areas. Burning low sulphur coal and oil in factories and power plants has lowered pollution in many cities. To meet standards, automobile engines have been redesigned and new cars have been equipped with devices such as the catalytic converter which changes pollutants into harmless substances. Because of these new devices, air pollution from car exhausts has also been reduced.
25. Why do we still need to find out better ways to control air pollution?
Ans: It is not easy to find out better ways to control air pollution. Many people are involved in research seeking new ways. Vast sums of money will be spent to clan the air. The cost of control devices in emission systems of new cars will be great. But the cost is justified so that people in cities can breathe pure air.
LET’S GO BEYOND THE TEXT
(1) 1. Why does the oxygen level in the atmosphere get reduced ? What could be its consequences?
Ans: Oxygen level in the atmosphere gets reduced because various irritating gases produced
by a large number of industries in recent times mingle with the atmospheric air and pollute it.
The consequences of the reduction of oxygen in the atmosphere results in various kinds of
ailments, especially respiratory disorders.
2. How do the chemical industries cause dangerous air pollution? What are its far reaching
consequences?
Ans: Chemical industries cause dangerous air pollution by discharging high amounts of smoke
and releasing toxic fumes into the air. As a result, the damage caused by it is enormous. Trees are killed, cattle are poisoned, rubber tyres on automobiles crack and become porous, fine buildings become shabby and their walls are blackened with soot. But its far-reaching effect is the damage caused to the human body. Air pollution causes eye irritations, scratchy throats and respiratory illnesses and a number of serious diseases. Above all, the gases produced trap the radiation, for
which the atmosphere becomes warmer and it leads to global warming.
3. How is acid rain caused?
Ans: Power stations and factories are usually powered by coal, oil or natural gas. When these fossil fuels burn, they emit sulphur and nitrogen oxides are released. Nitrogen oxide is also present in the exhaust emissions of cars. These oxides rise into the atmosphere and they are converted to acids forming clouds of high acidity. Thus acid rain is caused.
4. How does polluted air travel from one country to another?
Ans: Pollutants are carried by the wind from one country to another, often for distances of thousands of miles. In this way polluted air travels from one country to another.
5. What steps can be taken to reduce the pollution caused by automobiles? Is air pollution a global problem?’
Ans: To reduce the pollution caused by automobiles, automobile engines can be redesigned and
new cars can be equipped with devices, such as the catalytic converter which changes pollutants
into harmless substances. By means of these new devices air pollution from car exhausts can be reduced.
(ii) Given below is a table. Read the text and complete the table.
Let’s think together.
The text you have read mentions some steps to reduce air pollution. Now work in groups to suggest more steps for dealing with the problem. You can refer to newspapers, journals and discuss among yourselves to get more ideas (The teacher divides the class into four or five groups for the purpose)
Let’s speak and listen.
Each group presents its ideas in the class regarding the steps to control air pollution. Other groups listen and react to the ideas.
After all the groups have presented ideas, commonly agreed aspects should be finalized (The teacher acts as the observer and coordinator.)
Let’s write :
Write a letter to the Editor of a newspaper, the Minister, Department of Environment explaining the importance of clean air and suggesting ways to keep it clean and pure.
Let’s debate;
Some speak “for the motion and some ‘against’. The teacher acts as Chairperson.
(1) Use of private vehicles should be banned to control air pollution.
(ii) Industries being the major source of pollution need to be disestablished.
LET’S ENRICH OUR VOCABULARY:
(i) There are some words / phrases in the text used to convey the harmful effects of air pollution
on mankind.
A few examples are given : deadly, irritating gases
Q. Pick out other such words/expressions from the text and write in your copy book.
Answers:
toxic fumes / substances
obnoxious gases; menace;
poisonous / damaging effects;
crippling; polluted; eye irritations; scratchy throats; skin lesions
(ii) (a) The word ‘respiration’ is the noun form of the verb ‘respire’: Now with the help of a dictionary
find out verb ) noun forms of the following.
(iii) Read the sentences below:
…… buildings of Krakow are slowly being destroyed by acidic smog. Mark the word underlined.
Two words, i.e. ‘smoke and fog’ (smoke + fog) have formed the word ‘smog’. Such process of word formation is known as blending. Many new words are being made in this process and are increasingly in use. Given below is an exercise. Complete it.
Foreign + exchange bank = …………….. bank
……….. + …………….. policy = exim policy
Slim + tender = …………………
……………. + …………….. = telecast
ANSWERS
Foreign + exchange bank = forex bank
export + import policy = exim ‘policy
Slim + tender = slender
television + broadcast = telecast
(iv) Given below are some expressions. Use a single word for each expression. Go to the text to find the words.
great threat
Ans: menace
getting worse day by day
Ans: deteriorate
things used to make something
Ans: ingredients
de a body of laws
Ans: legislations
one who studies weather conditions.
Ans : meteorologist
LET’S LEARN LANGUAGES
(a) Mark the following sentences used in the text :
(1) ………. irritating gases.enter the atmosphere
(ii) Every day, every moment we breathe polluted air to become a victim of air pollution.
The words underlined above are known as ‘participle adjectives’.
Here ‘irritating’ is the present participle adjective and polluted’ is the past participle adjective in the above sentences.
Find out in the text how many such participles there are and make a list: (not: are there)
Present Participle , , , ,
Past Participle ,,,,,,,,
ANSWERS
•Present Participles
• surviving population progr a ma de e
•expanding technological society
• alarming exploding population
• damaging effects 1914
•growing list
•Past Participles
•contaminated food
•increased number
•industrialised countries
Q. Complete the following sentences with the appropriate participles of the verbs given in brackets.
1. The beggar is wearing a …………….. shirt. (tear)
2. My father bought me a ……………. Suit. (swim)
3. My friend wanted a ….. ……… instrument. (clean)
4. I never like to take a ….. ………. egg. (boil)
5. Air pollution causes …………….. problem. (breathe)
6. People get deceased in a ……………….. atmosphere. (pollute)
7. Air pollution has ……………….. effect on buildings. (damage)
8. Severity of air pollution is more found in ……………… countries. (develop)
ANSWERS
1. The beggar is wearing a torn shirt.
2. My father bought me a swimming suit.
(Note: ‘swimming here is not a participal adjective but a verbal noun.)
3. My friend wanted a cleaning instrument
4. I never like to take a boiled egg.
5. Air pollution causes breathing problem
(not a participal adjective)
6. People get killed in a polluted atmosphere. (not: deceased),
7. Air pollution has damaging effect on buildings.
8. Severity of air pollution is more found in developed countries.
(b) Q. Punctuate the following text:
In the United States control of air pollution is chiefly the responsibility of the state and local governments all the states have air quality management programmes which are patterned after federal laws the basic federal law dealing with air pollution is the clean air act of 1970 amended in 1990 under this law the federal environment protection agency sets standards for air quality what are the standards.
ANSWERS
In the United States control of air pollution is chiefly the responsibility of the state and local governments. All the states have air quality management programmes, which are patterned
after federal laws. The basic federal law dealing with air pollution is the Clean Air Act of 1970 amended in 1990. Under this law the Federal Environment Protection Agency sets standards for
air quality. What are the standards?
IX LET’S PREPARE A PROJECT
You live in a locality. You might have experienced some sort of pollution in your locality. It might be pollution of air or water or soil or could be noise pollution. Survey your area with a focus on the nature of pollution, its ill effects, causes of pollution and measures to control the same. Analyse and interpret the data/ information collected. Write all these in a project format.
Air Pollution A Hidden Menace Question Answer Class 10 Odisha Board
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